甘薯花粉—柱头乳突细胞间相互作用的细胞学研究

以甘薯鸟吃种和高自一号为亲本进行人工自花授粉;以甘薯鸟吃种和高自一号为母本,河北351为父本进行杂交授粉.观察了花粉在柱头上的行为,柱头乳突细胞表面糖蛋白的定位分布,授粉前后乳突细胞超微结构的变化.结果表明,不育组合首先表现出花粉在柱头上粘附和水合能力很弱,花粉不萌发.能育组合授粉后花粉在柱头上的粘附水合能力很强,多数花粉萌发.但有的花粉管不进入柱头,仅在乳突细胞表面爬行,或提前破裂,释放内容物;以及在花粉管接触的柱头乳突细胞中沉积胼胝质.糖蛋白(钉红着色物质)在能育与不育组合的柱头乳突细胞壁上的分布有明显的差异,作者用细胞化学定位法验证了糖蛋白与自交不育可能存在的相关性.鸟吃种柱头乳突细胞杂交授粉后12h其超微结构明显退化;而自花授粉后3h就已明显退化.柱头乳突细胞退化的早晚可能与所授花粉是否能育相关.

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE POLLEN STIGMATIC CELL INTERACTION IN IPOMEOA BATATAS

The behavior of the pollen grains on the stigma, the location and distribution of the glycoproteins at the surface of the stigmatic cells after staining with ruthenium red. and the ultrastructural change of the unpollinated stigmatic cells after and before pollination were studied under artificial self-pollination in I.batatas (niaochizhong) and I. batatas(gaozi-1), and cross-pollination in I. batatas (niaochizhong)X I.batatas(hebei-351), and I. batatas(gaozi-1) X I.batatas (hebei-351). The results show:The sterile combination shows that ability of the adhesion and hydration of the pollen grains on the stigma are very week, and the pollen grains do not germinate. After pollination the ability of the adhesion and hydration of the pollen grains on the stigma in fertile combination is stronger than the stcril combination, and the rate of germination of the pollen grains is high, but a few of pollen tubes penetrate into the stigina, and other pollen tubes show abnormal behavior: such as swelling, creeping, bursting and distortion with callose deposition on the stigmatic cell.The distribution of the glycoproteins (substance stained by ruthenium red) on the stigmatic cell wall is obvious difference between fertilcncss and sterility. Therefore it is proved by cell chemical method that glycoproteins may be closely associated with self-pollination sterility.Before pollination, the stigmatic cells of I. baatas (niao-chizhong)contained large amount of organclles. The stigmatic cells still contain many organelles 3 hours after cross-pollination, until the structure obviously degenerated after 12 hours. The stigmatic cells have obviously degenerated 3 hours after self-pollination. Therefore the degeneration of the stigmatic cells may be associated with the pollination sterility or fertileness.