弦式音高标准器“均准”的复原图纸绘制、有限元分析及意义

"均准"一词最早见于朱载堉《律学新说·立均第九》,用于演示十二等程律制,它是中国音乐、声学史中重要成就,由于种种历史原因,并未留存下来。虽然朱载堉的"新法密率"理论已经前人多次验证其科学性,但没有以实验手段验证朱载堉设计准器科学性的相关文章,主要原因为无实物可供操作。本文基于朱载堉在古籍中记载的均准各项规格参数,初步建立了均准的一个三维模型,用于明确此音高标准器各项结构参数,同时基于前人的考证提出复原均准的材料及工艺的各项流程建议。复原均准可以帮助我们更加直观、全面地了解均准的声学结构特点,为今后相关方向研究确立基础,同时也具有普及中国古代音律知识的作用,对现在的音乐教育也有一定启发意义。

The String Pitch Tuning Device Junzhun:Its Structure Drawing for Restoration and Scientific Significance

The word Junzhun was first used in the Ming Dynasty scholar Zhu Zaiyu’s tone temperament works to refer to a tuning device for the demonstration of twelve equal temperament.It was an important achievement in the history of Chinese music and acoustics,but due to various historical reasons,the device didn’t survive.Although Zhu’s theory has been repeatedly verified by the contemporary studies,there are few articles discussing the experimental methods to verify the scientific attributes of the device.The main reason is that there are no physical copies of the device available for investigation.Drawing on Zhu’s specifications and parameters,we have built a 3 D model and proposed the procedures to reconstruct a physical model.Such a restored instrument can help us better understand the acoustic structural features of traditional Chinese musical instrument,and it is also of significance for relevant future research and today’s music education.