岭南地区清代铁政管理与生铁炒钢技术探究

《两广盐法志·铁志》主要记载了清代乾隆后期至道光年间近50年的两广地区冶铁炉座开设、生铁冶铸、生铁炒炼、生产管理等相关重要历史事项,该志为梳理两广地区清代时期的冶铁面貌提供了宝贵的史料,为探索中国古代生铁炼钢技术在两广地区的发展提供了难得的线索。清代两广地区的冶铁业开炉政策是不得干碍民田庐墓,冶铁炉座主要有大炉、土炉两种,铁政管理方式主要是官准民营,但区域内的沿海地区与内地对土炉的管理政策有所区别。本文基于《铁志》等文献记载,对广东罗定地区等重点冶炼遗址开展了初步田野调查,并对相关遗物进行了金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)实验室研究,发现了该地区至迟于清代时期的生铁液态炒炼熟铁工艺遗存的科学证据。

Studies of the Administration of the Cast Iron Industry and of the Technologies of Puddling Steel-making in the Lingnan Area in Southern China During the Qing Dynasty

The historical records of iron production in Southern Guangxi and Guangdong(the Lingnan area)documented important events about pig iron smelting and casting,puddling steel and production management,during a period of nearly 50 years in late 17 th and early 18 th centuries.The documents have provided valuable historical materials and clues for researching into traditional Chinese iron and steel making technologies.Based on those materials and clues,we conducted fieldwork at some important sites of furnaces,and analyzed the composition and microstructure of the iron samples collected from the Luoding iron-smelting site by using metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),through which we have found evidences of the puddling steelmaking technology.