网上超市拆分订单的合并打包优化决策方法

大型网上超市"一地多仓"和"多地多仓"等仓储布局导致"一单多品型"订单被拆分在不同仓库进行拣选并分多次配送给顾客,这就诱发了"高成本、高污染、高扰民"等影响电子商务绿色健康发展的挑战性难题.被拆分订单在多个仓库间的合并打包是化解这一难题的重要手段.本文从化解问题求解难度入手,以提高拆分订单合并打包方案在线生成的科学性和高效性为目标,综合运用组合优化和状态空间搜索理论,围绕拆分订单是否合并打包,选择哪些仓库打包,哪些商品可以合并打包这三个关键问题提出拆分订单合并打包问题的两阶段在线智能优化决策方法.第一阶段归纳总结决策影响因素,制定判定规则,决策合并打包必要性;第二阶段,采用状态空间搜索算法生成备选的合并打包方案集合,将定性的控制策略转换成控制规则纳入方案生成过程来缩减方案空间.数值实验表明,本文提出的合并打包优化策略可有效降低网上超市拆分订单履行成本,理论成果可为指导网上超市或其它拆单现象显著的B2C电商企业的实际合单作业提供借鉴.

A decision-making method of package consolidation for split orders in online supermarket

With the increasing scale of large-scale online supermarkets,it has to set new warehouse layouts to stock enormous kinds of goods,e.g.,multiple warehouses in one city,multiple warehouses in multiple cities.As a result,a customer’s order with multiple types of items is separated into several suborders,which are picked and packed in different warehouses,and then delivered to the customer independently.It will bring about some challenges(high cost,high pollution,high disturbance to customers) for green and healthy development of e-commerce.The package consolidation for split orders among multiple warehouses is an important way to solve this problem,and also an urgent task to improve the performance quality of split order fulfillment.This paper aims at the decision-making problem of package consolidation for split orders in large-scale online supermarket.In order to improve the scientificity and efficiency of online generation of package consolidation schemes for split orders,it focuses on decreasing the difficulty of problem solution,synthetically applying the theories of combination optimization and state-space searching.A two-stage online decision-making method of intelligent optimization for split order package consolidation is proposed to solve three key issues of whether split orders can be consolidated and packaged,which warehouses can be selected as package consolidation centers for each order,and which goods can be consolidated and packaged.In the first stage,the main influencing factors of the split order package consolidation are summarized and the decision rules are designed to decide whether to consolidate.In the second stage,for the split orders that need to be consolidated and packaged,the state-space search algorithm is proposed to generate the alternative package consolidation schemes,and the qualitative control strategies are transformed into control rules and incorporated into the scheme generation process,thereby reducing the solution space.Finally,numerical experiments show that the decision-making method of package consolidation can effectively reduce the fulfillment cost of split orders of online supermarket,and the theoretical results can provide a reference for operational activities of online supermarket or other B2 C e-commerce enterprises with serious order splitting situation.