大型机场单通道U型机坪区推出等待点优化设计

为了提高大型机场单通道U型区高峰时段航班出港效率，研究了单通道U型区离港航班推出等待点位置。首先，将单通道U型区航班推出等待点位置选定问题抽象为典型的组合优化问题——旅行商问题(traveling salesman problem, TSP);其次，以典型高峰时段航班滑出U型区总耗时最短为目标函数，构建了基于航班计划的动态等待点模型；最后，结合问题特征及模拟退火算法基本理论，设计了双层模拟退火算法结构进行计算，并分别对上下层算法进行改进。仿真结果表明，所设计模型结合所设计算法可大幅度降低航班滑出U型区总耗时与机位延误时间。与传统推出方式相比，滑出U型区总耗时降低29.4%,机位延误总时间降低了79.9%,且平均计算时间为34.2 s,满足决策要求。可见，动态配置离港航班推出等待点位置能够提高航班出港效率，为管制员决策提供优化方案。

Optimal design of push-back spot in single-aisle U-shaped apron area of large airports

In order to improve the efficiency of peak hour flights departures in single-aisle U-shaped areas at large airports, the location of the push-back spot for departing flights in single-aisle U-shaped areas is researched. First, for the single-aisle U-shaped area flights push-back spot location selection problem, which is abstracted as a typical TSP combinatorial optimization problem. Secondly, the shortest total time spent for flights to taxi out of the U-shaped area during typical peak hours is taken as the objective function, a dynamic pushback spot model based on the flight plan is constructed; finally, the problem characteristics and the basic theory of simulated annealing algorithm are combined, two-layer simulated annealing algorithm structure is designed for calculation, and the upper and lower layers are improved respectively. The simulation results show that the designed model combined with the designed algorithm can significantly reduce the total time spent on taxiing out of the U-shaped area and the delay time of the parking space. Compared with the traditional push-back method, the total time spent to taxi out of the U-shaped area is reduced by 29.4%, the total delay time of the parking space is reduced by 79.9%, and the average calculation time is 34.2 seconds to meet the decision requirements. It can be seen that the dynamic configuration of the departure flight push-back spot location can improve the efficiency of the flight departure and provide the controller with an optimal solution for decision making