论技术的三种形态及其演化

在技术的历时性演化过程中,存在着三种不同形态的技术,即技术发明、生产技术和产业技术;从形态构成上看,在共时性层面,每一种形态的技术都包含着三种构成要素,即实体性技术、规范性技术和过程性技术。把技术的历时性演化与技术的共时性构成统一起来看,由技术发明到生产技术的演化,包含着实体性技术由原型转变为产品,规范性技术走向成熟、完善和体系化,过程性技术的作用“场景”转变;产业技术作为技术的终极形态,由生产技术演化而来,必须经过系统整合、经济核算和制度规约。

Three Shapes of Technology and Its Evolution

It aims at approaching the technological essence in epistemology,solving the controversial issue of technology value and providing a theoretical framework to open technology black box.In the process of evolution,there are three shapes of technology,inventions,production technology and industry technology.In every shape of technology,there are three elements,which are objective technology,regular technology and custom technology.On the whole,in the transformation from invention to production technology,prototype turns to product,regular technology turns to mature,and the function of custom technology changes. Industry technology which comes from production technology must experiences technological system integration,economic calculation and institutional regulation.