盆栽滴灌棉花土壤耗水变化特征的试验研究

面对近年来新疆棉花膜下滴灌区日益严重的残膜污染及地下滴灌苗期灌水困难的实际，提出将无膜移栽与地下滴灌有机结合的棉花无膜移栽地下滴灌技术，为研究在干旱区采用此技术下棉花的耗水规律，进而验证该技术在新疆的可能性，进行了不同滴灌方式下棉花土壤水分变化盆栽试验，试验设5种处理：覆膜移栽地下滴灌（FT-SDI）、无膜移栽地下滴灌（NFT-SDI）、覆膜直播地下滴灌（FS—SDD、无膜移栽地表滴灌（NFT-DI）、覆膜直播地表滴灌（FS-DI）。结果表明：对于棉花全生育期土壤水分变化而言，NFT—DI处理最大，地下滴灌节水效果明显，FT—SDI处理最小，NFP—SDI处理仅次；移栽地下滴灌棉花整个生育期表层（0～30cm）土壤耗水量，无膜处理高于覆膜处理；苗期无膜移栽地下滴灌的耗水强度相对较大，灌水量也相应加大；在覆膜地下滴灌条件下，苗期移栽处理比直播处理耗水强度较小，耗水量也小，地下滴灌条件下，移栽相对直播更利于棉苗生长发育；无膜移栽地下滴灌棉花的花铃期灌水量小于膜下滴灌，土壤水分变化主要集中在30～80cm，全生育期土壤耗水量略高于覆膜地下滴灌，而均低于地表滴灌。这表明棉花无膜移栽地下滴灌技术既可充分发挥移栽和地下滴灌的优势，在干旱区完全可行并具有较好的应用前景，值得进一步深入研究。

Soil Water Consumption Variety Characteristics of Drip Irrigation Cotton under Potted Plant

The cotton of non-film transplantation of subsurface drip irrigation（NFT-SDI） is put forward according to the increasingly serious pollution problem of the scrap plastic film in Xinjiang cotton fields. To study the infection of this technology to the cotton growth and the law of water consumption of cotton irrigated by this technology in arid region, one year pot test research is carried on. Five disposes is set in the test： filmed transplantaion-subsurface drip irrigation（ FT-SDI）, none filmed transplantaion -subsurface drip irrigation （NFT-SDI） ,filmed seed-subsurface drip irrigation （ FS-SDI ）, none filmed transplantaiondrip irrigation （ NFT-DI ）, filmed seed-drip irrigation （ FS-DI ）, retreatment is set for each dispose. The results show that the eotton water consumption for whole developmental stage, NFT-DI dispose is the most, FT-SDI dispose is the least, NFT-SDI dispose is just more than the FT-SDI dispose;For the topsoil（0 -30cm） water consumption of the transplant-SDI cotton for the whole breeding season, NFT-SDI dispose is higher than FT-SDI dispose;the NFT-SDI dispose water eomsumption is relatively higher than the FT-SDI dispose for the seedling stage cotton, the irrigation water quantity increases homologously ; under the condition of the filmed subsurface drip irrigation, the water comsumption is less than the seed dispose at seedling stage, the eonsumption water quantity of transplanted dispose is less too, under the subsurfaee drip irrigation condition,transplantation dispose is more available for the cotton seedling growing than the seed dispose;the irrigation water quantity and watering modulus of the NFT-SDI dispose are both less than the FT-DI dispose at flower and boll stages, roots water consumption centralized distributings between 30 cm and 80cm, soil water consumption quantity of the NFT- SDI dispose is higher than the FT-SDI dispose, while it is less than the DI dispose, most physiological parameter and water productivity of the NFT-SDI dispose are higher th