可交易通行权和鼓励合乘政策下的通勤选择

基于通勤个体易于接受的视角,借助常数替代弹性(constant elasticity of substitution,CES)效用函数,在通勤预算约束中引入管理部门对拼车通勤行为的支持系数,构建了基于可交易电子通行权及鼓励合乘组合政策的刚性通勤需求模型,在此基础上分析了通勤个体的通勤方式选择问题.研究结果显示,该组合政策可以有效引导通勤个体从单人驾驶转向合乘出行,通勤个体能够在降低原有出行预算的基础上保证自身的刚性出行需求,但对小汽车偏好较大的通勤个体预算降低幅度相对较小.此外,存在一个调整因子和合乘支持系数的取值可行域,对于不同的合乘支持系数,调整因子存在一个对应的下界.在设定调整因子和合乘支持系数后,通行权价格由市场唯一确定,且这一价格随着合乘支持系数的增加而增加,调整因子的增加而降低.

Commuting mode choices under the combination policy of tradable credit scheme and encouraged carpooling

From the commuters' acceptable perspective, using the utility function of constant elasticity of substitution (CES), the paper formulates a fixed demand commuting model based on the combination policy of tradable credit scheme and encouraged carpooling, in which a coefficient for government support on carpooling behaviors is added into the constraint condition of travel budget, and then makes an analysis on commuters' mode choices. The results show that this combination policy can effectively guide some solo commuters become the carpool commuters, and the commuting individuals can reduce their travel budget without damaging their original commuting demand, although the budget reduction for individuals preferring solo commuting is relatively small. Additionally, it shows that there exists a feasible region for setting the adjustment factors and encouraged carpooling coefficients, and there is a corresponding lower bound of adjustment factor for different encouraged carpooling coefficient. Once the adjustment factor and the encouraged carpooling coefficient are given, the credit price is uniquely determined by the market, and it is higher for a lower adjustment factor and a higher encouraged carpooling coefficient.