陶瓷/芳纶纤维复合靶板防弹性能研究及结构改进

为了提高靶板防弹性能，提出一种由陶瓷和芳纶纤维复合材料构成的防弹结构。对陶瓷及芳纶纤维防弹性能有限元仿真分析的结果表明：陶瓷的弹孔面积大于纤维，陶瓷内部的形状比较粗糙而纤维则比较平滑，陶瓷吸能主要是通过自身的破碎和断裂及应力波的传递实现的，而纤维吸能则主要是通过自身的拉伸和延展将弹丸的动能转换为自身的弹性势能和断裂能。此外，基于陶瓷和芳纶纤维的抗侵彻原理，进行了复合靶板的结构设计，并利用NSGA-II算法对层间材料的厚度进行了优化，优化后复合靶板子弹的剩余速度降低了185 m/s，靶板的面密度降低了5.4 kg/m²，综合防弹性能得到了明显提高，为后续进行新型轻质防弹复合装甲的结构设计提供指导思路。

Ballistic performance and structural improvement of an aramid fiber/ceramic composite target

A bulletproof structure composed of a ceramic and aramid fiber composite is proposed as a way of improving the ballistic performance of a target. Finite element simulation analysis of the ballistic performance of the ceramic and aramid fiber shows that the bullet hole area in the ceramic is larger than that in the fiber and the surface of the ceramic inside the impact zone is rough whilst for the fiber it is relatively smooth. Furthermore, energy absorption by the ceramic mainly involves internal fracture and stress waves, while the fiber mainly converts the kinetic energy of the projectile into internal elastic potential energy and fracture energy through stretching and extension. Using the anti-penetration principle of ceramic and aramid fibers, a composite target plate was designed, and the thickness of the interlayer material was optimized by means of the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm. The residual speed of the bullet was reduced by 185 m/s when using the optimized composite target, the areal density of the target plate was reduced by 5.4 kg/m², and the comprehensive ballistic performance was significantly improved. This work provides guidelines for the design of new lightweight bulletproof composite armor.