基于振动理论的水工结构无损检测技术研究综述

无损检测技术是检测水工结构隐患及损伤的方法之一．鉴于水工结构的特点和复杂性，重点介绍了基于振动理论的适用于水工结构现场无损检测的振动法．根据振动法利用系统模态参数的变化和结构的振动响应而对水工结构进行无损检测这一基本原理，综述了国内外基于振动理论的水工结构无损检测技术的研究现状．结果表明，目前对于大型复杂水工结构无损检测的研究大多是针对不同的问题而采取的具体方法；在现场检测时，保证检测结果正确的首要条件是合理有效的激励；对于结构损伤或破损检测，扩阶和缩聚都十分重要．最后指出，为提高振动法的实用性及精度，必须找出损伤结构动力特性的变化规律；重视和发展隐患及损伤的早期探测技术和信息处理技术，以及基于神经网络和模糊数学的无损检测技术，为处理病险水利水电设施提供科学依据．

A review of vibration theory-based nondestructive detection technique for hydraulic structures

The nondestructive detection technique is an effective method for detection of hidden troubles in and damages to hydraulic structures. In consideration of the complexity of hydraulic structures, the emphasis was placed on the vibration method suitable for field nondestructive detection of hydraulic structures. Based on the principle that the nondestructive detection with the vibration method was implemented according to the variation of modal parameters of the system and the vibration response of the structures, a summary was made on the current situation of the development of the vibration detection method at home and abroad, and some conclusions were drawn. In most cases, special methods are always taken under different conditions in nondestructive detection of large-scale complex structures; the reasonable and effective excitation is the most important measures to ensure the correctness of the detected result; expansion and reduction processes are both important for detection of the structure failures. Finally, it was pointed out that, for improvement of the applicability and precision of the vibration method, it was necessary to find the regularity of dynamic characteristics of failure structures and pay much attention to the development of early detection technique, information processing technique and nondestructive technique based on neural network and fuzzy mathematics, so as to provide a scientific basis for dealing with hydraulic and hydropower facilities in trouble.