煤基活性炭制备及其电催化应用研究进展

煤炭是世界上储量最为丰富的化石燃料之一，是制造多孔碳、纳米碳、碳质复合材料和石墨烯的主要原料。燃料电池是一种通过化学反应将化学燃料直接转化为电能的装置，它不受卡诺循环限制，具有高效率、高功率密度和环境友好等特点，有着巨大的应用前景。但其阴极氧还原反应(cathodic oxygen reduction reaction, ORR)动力学非常缓慢，需要在催化剂的作用下加速其反应。现有的催化剂主要是贵金属Pt，但Pt资源储量少、成本高、稳定性差，限制了燃料电池的商业化应用。近年来的研究表明，碳基材料是最有希望替代Pt的催化剂材料。基于此，对近年来煤基多孔碳的制备方法进行了综述，并在此基础上阐述了以煤基活性炭为基体的燃料电池用氧还原电催化剂的研究进展。

Research Progress in Preparations and Electrocatalytic Applications of Coal-based Activated Carbon

Coal is one of the most abundant fossil fuels in the world, and is the main raw material for manufacturing porous carbon, nanocarbon, carbon-based composite and graphene. Fuel cell is a device that can convert chemical fuel into electric energy directly through chemical reaction. It is not limited by Carnot cycle, shows the characteristics of high efficiency, high power density and environmental friendliness, and has huge application prospects. However, the kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is very slow, which needs to be accelerated by the catalyst. The existing catalysts are mainly precious metal Pt. But the small resource reserves, high cost and poor stability of Pt limit the commercial application in fuel cells. The recent studies show that carbon-based materials are the most promising catalyst materials to replace Pt. Above all, the preparation methods of coal-based porous carbon in recent years are reviewed, and on this basis, the research progress of oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for fuel cells based on coal-based activated carbon is described.