中国壳斗科的分布格局类型分析

壳斗科在我国有７ 属３５０ 多种和变种，是温带、亚热带最重要的森林树种，笔者用离差平方和法对壳斗科植物在中国的地理分布规律进行了研究，认为其落叶类型和常绿类型在空间分布格局上有很大差别。落叶种类的典型分布格局为全国广布类型（Ａ２） 和北方狭域类型（Ｂ１） ，常绿种类的典型分布格局为南方广布类型（Ａ１） 和南方狭域类型（Ｂ２） ，而且落叶类型的平均分布范围比常绿类型要广泛得多。不同生态特性的种类在分布格局类型上有显著差别，反映出植物分布格局类型与植物的生态习性密切相关。从分析结果看，Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ 包括所有４ 种类型，Ｃａｓｔａｎｅａ 则属于Ａ２ 类型，其它的常绿属如Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ Ｌｉｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓ，Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｂａｌａｎｕｓ 为Ａ１ 或Ｂ２ 类型。但落叶的Ｆａｇｕｓ 的分布格局类型却类似于常绿属，可能是由于Ｆａｇｕｓ 喜欢温凉湿润的海洋性气候这一特殊的生态习性决定的，在我国明显受大陆性气候的限制，分布于亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林中，在水平分布上显与常绿种类相似的格局类型。

The Analysis of Distribution Pattern of Fagaceae in China

Fagaceae is one of the most important families in temperate and subtropical regions,and especially in China.There are 7 genus and about 352 species and variants in China.With the analysis of the distribution patterns of these species,their distribution patterns in China can be divided into four types.Part of the deciduous beeches is northen stenocoenose which is distributed in north of Qinlin Mountain and Huaihe River(B1),the other is eurychoric in north China(A2).Evergreen beeches also have two pattens,some are southen eurychoric distributed in almost all subtropical forests(A1),the others are southen stenocoenose(B2). Quercus has all four types, Castanea is of A2,and those evergreen genus such as Cyclobalanopsis,Castanopsis,Lithocarpus,Trigonobalanus are of A1 or B2 just like evergreen Quercus. But Fagus represents the similar distribution pattern with those evergreen genus,not as Castanea and diciduous Quercus, this may be mainly due to the specific ecological requirement of mild and damp oceanic climate,and was confined in the uplands of subtropical mountains.