轮作和高温闷地在克服蔬菜连作障碍上的应用

连作障碍已成为当前蔬菜生产上的一个重要问题,为改善土壤理化性质和增加微生物量以克服蔬菜连作障碍,在深圳福田郊区的农科推广中心同乐蔬菜基地选择了蔬菜连作多年的田块,分别采用了水稻蔬菜轮作和利用夏季高温在地面短期覆盖塑料薄膜进行高温闷地技术,通过观测土壤中微生物含量和土壤理化性质的变化,分析这2种措施对蔬菜连作地的改良效果。结果显示:水旱轮作和夏季短期高温闷地均能改善土壤养分含量,尤其是提高土壤中速效钾的含量,并降低土传病原微生物的含量;高温闷地措施能显著提高土壤微生物的含量,其中细菌和放线菌的含量增幅明显,而水旱轮作措施对土壤微生物的影响较小。该研究表明水旱轮作和高温闷地措施在不同程度上改善了土壤微生物种群及土壤理化性质,在探索克服蔬菜连作障碍方法的方面具有较好的示范和推广应用价值。

Application of Paddy-upland Rotation and Soil Mulching with Solarization onOvercoming Vegetable Continuous Cropping Obstacle

The obstacle of continuous cropping has become an important problem in vegetable production at present. To improve the soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass, two measures were applied respectively with paddy-upland rotation and soil mulching with solarization in the summer in suburban areas of Shenzhen. The results shows that both of two measures can improve the soil nutrition, especially the content of available potassium in soil, and can reduce soil-borne pathogens respectively. The method of soil mulching with solarization can significantly increase the content of soil microbe, especially the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes, while the effect of paddy-upland rotation on soil microorganism is less. This indicates that these two improvement measures may be a useful attempt to overcome the problem of vegetable continuous cropping obstacles and deserve extension and practice.