关于贸易结构和贸易条件的若干研究

本文尝试建立一种贸易条件和贸易结构的定量分析方法。在统一商品计量单位的条件下,定义了出口商品加权平均价格、进口商品加权平均价格、进出口商品比价、出口结构贡献率、进口结构贡献率。进出口商品加权平均价格反映了进出口商品结构的水平,进出口商品比价表明一国在国际交换中处于有利地位或不利地位,进出口结构贡献率表示分类商品对进出口加权平均价格的贡献以及在进出口结构中的地位。对美国等10个国家的贸易条件和贸易结构的比较分析证明上述评价方法的合理性。对中国与美国等9个国家的双边贸易的分析表明了中国在国际交换中的实际地位和贸易结构的一些特征。

STUDIES ON THE TRADE COMPOSITION AND THE TERMS OF TRADE

This paper presents the method for evaluation of import and export of a nation in the terms of trade and by the trade composition analysis. On the condition of unitary commodity unit, the criteria are defined. Those are: (1) The weighted average prices of export and import commodities reflect the levels of commodity composition of export and import; (2) The price ratio of export and import commodities indicates the position with advantage or disadvantage in international trade; (3) The contribution rate of export composition expresses the contribution of a classification of commodities to the weighted average price of export commodities and its position of export composition and the contribution rate of import composition with the function as the contribution rate of export composition. Comparative analyses are made among 10 nations and the result demonstrates the rationality of the method presented. The cases of bilateral trade between China and 9 nations are also analysed and it shows the practical position of China in international trade and the characteristics of the trade composition.