闭环供应链的销售渠道选择与协调策略研究

考虑由制造商、零售商与第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链,分别建立了集中与分散决策情形下单渠道与双渠道销售模式的供应链决策模型.首先,通过求解得到了不同决策模型的均衡解及利润;并进一步分析了集中与分散决策情形下闭环供应链的渠道选择决策,得到了供应链成员及整个系统选择不同渠道模式的条件.然后,以集中化的最优决策结果为基准,探讨了双渠道闭环供应链的协调问题,发现制造商通过将简单的价格契约与收益共享契约或两部收费制契约结合可实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调.最后,运用数值算例分析了消费者的渠道偏好对闭环供应链影响,并验证了所设计的契约对协调双渠道闭环供应链的有效性.

Coordination and channel selection in closed-loop supply chains

The single and dual channel models under centralized and decentralized cases are formulated in a closed-loop supply chain that comprises a manufacturer, a retailer and a third-party collector. Deriving and computing equilibria, we further analyze channel selection strategies of closed-loop supply chain in different models and discuss the conditions in choosing single or dual sale channel from the perspectives of the chain members and the whole supply chain system. Furthermore, with the benchmark of the equilibrium outcomes in the centralized model, we find that a simple pricing scheme, together with a complementary profit sharing mechanism or a complementary two-part tariff agreement, can coordinate the dual channel closed-loop supply chain. Finally, we conduct some numerical examples to analyze the impacts of key model parameters on the equilibrium results and profits, and further verify the effectiveness of the designed contract in coordinating the dual channel closed-loop supply chain.