中国科技减灾的现状及发展路径

 科技减灾是科技强国的重要组成部分。通过数据调研、案例分析，全面展现了中国科技减灾的现实情况；利用管理机制设计理论，提出了中国科技减灾基础建设、支撑资源、制度保障的发展路径。数据调研显示，中国防灾减灾科技发展迅猛，对科技减灾的科研力度逐年增大。专业应急产品、医疗卫生产品、户外防护产品是最常见的科技减灾产品类别。除了将科技产品大量投放到防灾减灾实践中外，科学测度突发事件风险与应急管理能力是科技减灾有别于传统减灾的重要内容。风险认知、预警系统、能力评价、减缓技术的建设和完善是中国科技减灾的基础。环境资源、能源资源、经济资源、权力资源、智力资源是科技减灾的支撑资源。健全法律法规体系、建立科技支撑平台、提升科研机构整体水平，能够保障中国科技减灾在科技强国事业中发挥引领作用。

Situation and development of science and technology in disaster reduction of China

By means of data and cases, this study comprehensively shows the development and application of science and technology in disaster reduction of China and brings up the strategies to strengthen public safety through mechanism design. Science and technology of disaster prevention and reduction in China are developing rapidly, with professional emergency products, medical products and outdoor protection products being the most common categories for disaster reduction. Meanwhile, risk analysis and managing ability are important subjects in the field of emergency management, in which risk perception, early warning system, ability evaluation and mitigation technology are the foundation of disaster reduction. The paper also points out that improving the legal system, establishing support platform and giving full play to the role of scientific research institutions can ensure the long-term and stable development of science and technology in the disaster reduction in China.