需求相关下顾客等待意愿不相同的特价商品EOQ模型

激烈的市场竞争使很多大型超市或卖场采取特价商品的促销策略,以吸引更多的新老顾客.考虑特价商品允许缺货,缺货期间顾客的等待意愿与价格和等待时间有关,构造了两种不同的短缺量滞后供给分数,建立了一个需求相关下顾客等待意愿不相同的特价商品经济订货批量模型.从特价商品价格是外生变量和决策变量两种情形,分别探讨了优化模型唯一最优解存在的条件和相关的管理启示.采用数值仿真分析了主要参数对特价商品定价和订货策略以及平均利润的影响.研究结果表明:当特价商品价格满足一定条件时,有现货时间和缺货时间存在一个下限值和上限值;当特价商品价差大于某一临界值时,平均总利润是低收入顾客人数比例的减函数;当需求相关因子大于某一临界值时,特价商品价格是高收入顾客人数比例的减函数,且存在一个下限值;当相关商品价差大于某一临界值时,特价商品价格可以接近甚至小于采购价;当低收入顾客人数比例和特价商品变质率增大时,应降低特价商品价格,缩短有现货时间,增加缺货时间;当需求相关因子、相关商品价差和特价商品未变质期增大时,应降低特价商品价格,增加有现货时间,缩短缺货时间.

EOQ model for off-price merchandise with related demand under different waiting will of customers

Under fierce market competition, in order to attract more new and old customers, a special promotion strategy of off-price merchandise is adopted by many supermarkets and marketplaces. Considering that off-price merchandise is allowed to be stockout and the waiting will of customers is related to selling price and waiting time respectively during out of stock, two kinds of different backlogging rate have been presented, and an economic ordering quantity model of off-price merchandise with demand related and different waiting will of customers has been generated. Considering the price of the off-price merchandise as exogenous variable and decision variable, the existent condition of the unique optimal solution and correlative management inspirations are discussed. The effect of key parameters on pricing, ordering policy and average profit of distributors is analyzed by numerical simulation. It shows that instock time has a lower limit and stockout time has a upper limit when the price of off-price merchandise satisfies a certain condition; the average total profit is a decreasing function of the proportion of low-income customers when the difference between selling price and purchase price of off-price merchandise is greater than a critical value; the price of off-price merchandise is a decreasing function of the proportion of high-income customers when demand related factor is greater than a critical value, but there exits a lower limit; the price of off-price merchandise can be close to even less than its purchase price when the difference between selling price and purchase price of the related merchandise is greater than a critical value; the price of off-price merchandise should be lower and the time of instock should be shortened and the time of stockout should be extended when the proportion of low-income customers and the deteriorating rate are larger; the price of off-price merchandise should be lower and the time of instock should be extended and the time of stockout should be shortened when the demand related factor, difference between selling price and purchase price of the related merchandise and the expiration date of the off-price merchandise are larger.