中国科学院与新中国科技事业的奠基(1949-1956)

 中国科学院由中国共产党领导创建，是新中国第一个国家科学院。1949年成立后，中国科学院先通过科学研究机构的调整与充实，为该院和新中国科研活动的展开奠定基础。在全面学习苏联的环境中，中国科学院借鉴苏联经验，结合中国国情于1955年建立学部和学部委员制度、学术奖励制度、研究生制度，有效地推进了该院学术体制建设与新中国科技事业的发展。1956年中国科学院对国家12年科技规划的制订发挥重要作用，并在其实施过程中扮演主要角色。研究表明，中国科学院在1949-1956年新中国科技事业奠基历程中举足轻重，做出了不可替代的贡献。

Establishment of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the foundation for scientific and technological development in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1956

The Chinese Academy of Sciences founded under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, is the first national academy of the People's Republic of China. After its establishment in 1949, the academy first adjusted and expanded its scientific research institutions, as the foundation for the development of scientific research activities in the academy and the People's Republic of China. In the environment of overall learning from the Soviet Union, the academy founded the systems of academic divisions and their membership, the academic award system, and the postgraduate system in 1955 on the basis of the Soviet experience and China's reality. As a result, it effectively promoted the academy's construction of the academic system and the scientific and technological development in the People's Republic of China. The academy played an important role in the formulation of the national 12-year plan for scientific and technological developments in 1956 and the following implementation of the plan. This study shows that the academy had a pivotal position and made irreplaceable contributions in the foundation-laying process of scientific and technological development in the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1956.