《九章算法比类大全》渊源初探

明代吴敬的<九章算法比类大全>(以下简称<大全>),除了与<九章算术>有着非常密切的关系外,也与其他算书有着重要的渊源关系.将该书与现存的1450年之前刊刻的<九章算术>外的算书进行详细比较,并分析该书与它们的渊源关系后,可以认为:<大全>受到宋元算书,特别是杨辉算书的影响较大,继承了杨辉重视介绍启蒙知识和开方术的思想,以及杨辉编写算书的"纂类"方式;吴敬至少应该听说过天元术,不过,即使他看到有关天元术的著作,也已无法理解天元术;<大全>乘除开方起例的内容与现存元末明初算书的很多内容相同,反映了这些知识从元末至明初这段时间的传播和发展.结合<大全>与<九章算术>的渊源以及<大全>对其后算书的影响的分析,还认为:明初的80年问,包含汉唐宋元一些高水平数学成就的算书在民间仍能看到,但吴敬既没有能够掌握这些知识,也没有在书中记载下他看到的算书中的高水平的数学知识.

The Sources of Jiuzhang Suanfa Bilei Daquan

Written in 1450 by Wu Jing,Jiuzhang Suanfa Bilei Daquan(called Daquan for short)is a mathematics work.It serves as a link between past and future in the history of mathematics in Ming Dynasty.It has close relations to Jiuzhang Suanshu,as well as to many mathematics books.This paper compares it in detail with the extant mathematics books which were published before 1450,analyses their relationship,and concludes that Song and Yuan mathematics books,especially those written by Yang Hui,had important influence ...