基于近似计算方法处理物理实验数据

在用静力称衡法测密度、用混合量热法进行量热和用落球法测液体粘度的实验中,分别采用微分近似计算、积分近似计算和微分方程近似解的方法,针对系统温差对密度测量值的影响、曲线区域面积对系统和外界交换的热量相互补偿和速度均匀度对液体粘度测量值的影响进行了实验数据处理和分析,阐述了近似计算的数学方法、应用场景、适用条件和近似度.在物理实验过程中,近似计算方法对于数据处理是必不可少的,掌握其能培养学生的思考和分析能力,同时也能为物理实验教学提供较强的理论依据.

The physical experiment data processing based on the approximate calculation method

The differential approximate calculation, integration approximate calculation and differential equation approximate solution are adopted respectively for measuring the density with static balance method, conducting calorimetry with mixing calorimetry and measuring liquid viscosity with falling-ball method. This paper conducted the experimental data processing and analysis and clarified the mathematical method, application context, application condition and degree of approximation of approximate calculation aiming at the effect of system error on density measurement, the mutual thermal compensation between system and external environment in curve area and the effect of velocity uniformity on liquid viscosity measurement. The approximate calculation method is indispensable for data processing in the physical experiment process, which enables to cultivate students＇ thinking and analytical ability and also provide rather strong theoretical foundation for physics experiment teaching