国家整体正义与公民个体正义的统一——关于柏拉图《理想国》中正义思想的解读

尽管在柏拉图之前的思想家们对正义做了很多探讨,但柏拉图认为,他们的理解是片面的,他们对正义没有做出准确的界定。在《理想国》中,柏拉图对几种较为流行的正义观进行了批驳,并在此基础上提出了他的正义观。柏拉图指出,正义应是国家整体正义与公民个体正义的内在统一,国家整体正义与公民个体正义的相互依存与共生即是对正义理念的体现,国家整体与公民个体各自的正义与否都势必影响对方的正义与否。柏拉图的正义思想对后世的政治哲学有着深远的影响,探究这一思想具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。

The Unification between the Nations Holistic Justice and the Citizens Individual Justice: the Analysis on the Thoughts of Justice in Plato's "the Republic"

Although the ideologists had probed into the justice previously,Plato deemed that their understandings were unilateral and they had not exactly interpreted it.In "the Republic",Plato criticized some popular ideas of justice just at that moment and put forward his idea of justice based on it.Plato pointed out that the justice should be unification between the nation's holistic justice and the citizen's individual justice,the mutual dependence for existence and symbiosis between them were the embodiment of ideas of justice,and the respective condition of them must affect reciprocally.Plato's thoughts of justice have had profound and lasting effect on the political philosophy of later ages,so that the study on it has academic and practical meaning.