城市公园绿地灾时避难功能结构和空间布局转换的可行性分析

【目的】城市公园绿地作为城市绿地体系的重要组成部分,因其自身特点而成为城市防灾减灾体系中的核心要素。明确公园不同类型绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能,分析城市公园绿地避震减灾的空间布局方法,以提高城市公园绿地的灾时避难有效性。【方法】以单个公园为研究对象,从绿地布局形式、公园内部功能分区、园路道路交通系统、园林景观要素等4个方面着手分析了公园绿地单体及各构成要素在灾时的功能特点,明确公园绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能。【结果】城市公园绿地在设计和布局中,要依托城市绿地系统特点,基于城市公园绿地内部空间、设施等要素的平时特征,从体系层面的城市绿地系统规划布局模式入手,得出综合性公园、社区公园、带状公园、街旁绿地等几种类型公园绿地在灾害发生时的空间规模、功能特征及景观形态等方面的防灾可行性。【结论】分析并明确公园绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能,可对城市公园绿地的避震减灾方法研究提供理论依据和实践支撑。

Feasibility analysis of the function structure and spatial layout of green space for urban park in disaster

Abstract: 【Objective】The state of the Chinese cities that are vulnerable to earthquakes is getting worse gradually. Therefore, it is a matter of great urgency to build a comprehensive disaster prevention system in Chinese cities, particularly through building urban green area system to strengthen earthquake resistance and minimize damage. Urban green area not only has its function as landscape, but also serves as a core component of the city disaster prevention system.【Method】Based on the layout of the green system, this article focuses on urban green space as the research target, including macro-system and micro-individual levels. Further, it systematically analyzed the park layouts, road systems, function blocks, landscape formations, garden elements, and other elements in urban green space. In addition, it clearly pointed out their functions in disaster mitigation.【Result】Systematic analysis of different aspects of spatial arrangement, road systems, function blocks, landscape formations, and garden elements, and of their ordinary functions in an urban park, clearly indicated the individual functionalities of layout structure, function blocks, several kinds of road systems, and garden elements of urban park during disasters.【Conclusion】 To provide reliable support for the transformation of urban green area in disaster time, point out clear directions are required. This research emphasizes the role of urban green spaces of all types in earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation, using general and specific perspectives. Furthermore, to enable urban green spaces to play an effective role during a disaster, this research proposes innovative layout modes such as centralized layout mode, scatter point reticulation pattern, zonal sequence layout mode, and classification spatial layout transformation. This will play an important role in guiding the design and planning of existing and future green spaces.