浙江西部传统民居的生物气候设计

浙江西部传统民居经过长期的历史演变,形成了一系列应对气候条件的建筑形态特征.从生物气候的设计角度分析了浙西传统民居的形态、组合、色彩、材质等,并以诸葛村为例,通过实地社会调查和在夏季极端气候条件下实际测量室内外的物理环境,对民居的室内环境进行分析.结果表明,因民居的天井与一层堂屋连通成为耦合空间,且天井的高度与面积较小,致使风压和风速不大,导致通风效果不佳.但民居室内环境仅在13:00~14:00间有持续1 h温度偏高外,其他时间段内室内环境还较为舒适.浙西传统民居的设计者在采用某些气候设计措施后,延长了室内的舒适时间,提高了室内的舒适程度,表明传统的气候设计措施在现代民居的设计中有必要传承与拓展.

Bioclimatic Design to the Traditional Residences in West of Zhejiang

The traditional residences have formed a set of architectural characters to local climate through a long time in the west of Zhejiang province.The paper analyzes the forms and styles of combination,the colors and materials of residences from the bioclimatic design.By society investigation and measure of the physics environmental data of the indoor and outdoor in Zhugecun,the author analyzes the indoor environment of the characteristic residence.The result indicates the venting is not good because the hall of first.floor opens to the dooryard but the temperature in daytime is high only for about one hour and the environment is very comfortable in the traditional residence during other time.By the measures of bioclimatic design,the comfortable time is extended and the comfortable degree is improved in the traditional residences in west of Zhejiang.This study indicates the measures of bioclimatic design of the traditional residences is necessary and feasible.