江苏省农产品水足迹与虚拟水流动及其环境影响

在量化江苏省农业生产水足迹、消费水足迹及虚拟水流动基础上，分析与水资源消耗相关的环境影响，以及对人类健康、生态质量及资源的影响。江苏省农业生产水足迹、消费水足迹、虚拟水流出及流入分别为110.97亿m³、37.98亿m³、74.99亿m³和2.00亿m³，前三者主要受水稻和小麦的影响，后者主要受奶类、油料和牛肉的影响；其相关的人类健康影响分别为26.02万DALY、9.30万DALY、17.58万DALY和0.87万DALY，生态质量影响分别为19.02亿m²·a、6.69亿m²·a、12.85亿m²·a和0.53亿m²·a，资源影响分别为0、1.47亿MJ、0和1.47亿MJ。分析结果表明:节水技术应用及节水品种培育有助于减小生产水足迹，消费模式转变有助于降低消费水足迹，贸易结构调整及贸易地区选择有利于改变现有虚拟水流动模式；水足迹及虚拟水流动量值是影响江苏省水资源消费相关环境影响的重要因素，减少水资源消耗，降低农业用水比重，改变产品调入区域等均有助于减小环境影响。

Water footprints and virtual water flows of agricultural products in Jiangsu and their environmental impacts

In this study, the water footprint of agricultural production, water footprint of consumption and virtual water flows were quantified, and the related environmental impacts of water consumption on human health, ecosystem equality and resources were evaluated. Results indicated that the water footprint of agricultural production, water footprint of consumption, virtual water exports and virtual water imports were 110. 97×10⁸, 37. 98×10⁸, 74. 99×10⁸ and 2. 00×10⁸ m³, respectively. Milk, oil-bearing crops and beef were dominated products of virtual water imports, while the water footprint of production, water footprint of consumption and virtual water exports were mainly influenced by rice and wheat. For water footprint of production, water footprint of consumption, virtual water exports and virtual water imports, related impacts on human health were 26. 02×10⁴, 9. 30×10⁴, 17. 58×10⁴ and 0. 87×10⁴ DALY, impacts on ecosystem equality were 19. 02×10⁸, 6. 69×10⁸, 12. 85×10⁸ and 0. 53×10⁸ m²·a and impacts on resources were 0, 1. 47×10¹⁴, 0 and 1. 47×10¹⁴ J. In addition, the applications of water-saving technology and cultivation of new crop variation would contribute to the decrease of water footprint of production and the changes of consumption pattern from water-intensive animal products to water-extensive crop products, which would be helpful in decreasing regional water footprint of consumption. Virtual water imports increased the regional water availability and virtual water exports mean water losing for Jiangsu province. The adjustment of trade pattern and change of trade partner would be helpful in alleviating regional water stress. The environmental impacts related to water consumption in Jiangsu province was influenced by the volumes of water footprint and virtual water flows. Therefore, the decrease of water consumption, smaller ratio for agricultural water withdrawal and change of importing regions would be helpful in decreasing regional environmental impacts.