短跑动作周期生物力学参数的相关与因子分析

作对短跑动作周期不同阶段的16项运动生物力学参数进行了相关与因子分析。研究发现：16项生物力学参数之间的关系非常复杂，除少数参数外，每个参数都与其它4个或4个以上的参数有明显相关关系（P≤0.050.01)，这说明短跑各阶段的动作是一个对立统一的周期运动，需要高度协调的发展。因子分析发现：在16项运动生物有物力学参数中，后蹬角度、步频、步长、摆动腿速度、扒地速度等参数是主因子。根据研究结果和短跑的生物力学特点，作认为，通过高速协调的摆腿与扒地动作，即可加快步频，又获得适宜的后蹬角度，提高和改善支撑阶段（前蹬与后蹬）的经济性和实效性，达到更好的组合效果。

Relative and factor analysis on the biometchanical parameters of the sprinting stride

The main purpose of the paper was to study the biomechanical parameters of the sprinting stride by using relative and factor analysis, in order to find out the correlation between the parameters and the principle factors. The results indicated the correlations between the parameters are very complex, which is connected by each other in direct and indirect ways. The factor analysis found out the three principle factors in 16 parameters in the sprinting stride are: push-off angle, stride frequency, stride length, velocity of swing leg, grabbing velocity of foot and duration of contact phase and so on. In combination with the results and the biomechanics of the sprinting, it was realized that the optimal cooperation of a high grabbing velocity of the foot and a high velocity of the swing leg are the most important generators in the sprinting.As a consequence, it can increase the stride frequency, make an economic execution of the braking and propulsion phases, and achieve an optimal push-off angle.