同场对抗球类项目比赛心率特征研究——以篮球、足球、曲棍球、手球为例

运用实验法、数理统计法及录像分析法，对东北师范大学男子超级联赛队员、辽宁大学大学生男子超级联赛队员、中国大学生足球联赛长春师范学院队、亚泰男子足球俱乐部二线队的部分队员、天津男子曲棍球队运动员、天津男子手球队运动员等45名研究对象的比赛心率进行了研究。研究结果表明：同场对抗球类项目比赛中，无氧阈以上强度在25％－27％之间。其中高强度与小强度负荷比例较低；比赛中不随机的出现较短的高心率和低心率的时段，在大数时间内比赛心率在10 b/min的范围变化；组织队员比赛心率水平最高达，其次是后卫队员防守队员和进攻队员；比赛中虽然是存在高心率的时段，但在大数时间内比赛负荷强度没有大幅度的起伏变化；同场对抗球类项目比赛中高比赛心率时的技战术行为主要体现在运球、突破、射门、进攻跑动与防守跑动等技战术。比赛中高心率的技战术行为依次为高速度与高对抗下的技战术行为、高速度下的技战术行为、中速度下高对抗的技战术行为。速度是产生高比赛心率的主要原因。

The Research on the Characteristics of Match Heart Rate of Same-field-based Team Games-Taking Bas-ketball,Football, Field-hockey and Handball as Ex-amples

The experimental method, mathematical statis-tics and video analysis were undertaken to analyze the match heart rate of 45 subjects that include some of male players of Northeast Normal University of Super League team,male players of Liaoning University of Super League team,players of Changchun normal College of Chinese U-niversity Football League team,players of Secondtier team of Yatai men？s soccer club,players of Tianjin men？s field-hockey team,and players of Tianjin men？s handball team. Results show that：in the matches of Same-field based Team Games, the proportion of intensity above anaerobic threshold was between 25% and 27%. The proportion of high intensity and low intensity load is low. During the whole match,the load was kept at a higher level. The av-erage match heart rate was between 152？67 b/min and 162？2b/min. The organizational players owned the highest match heart rate, and then followed the linebackers, de-fenders and offensive players. There was no period of time that high heart rate and low heart rate appeared in the match randomly. The match heart rate was at most time a-bout 10b/min. The technical and tactical behaviors under the high match heart rate on Same-field based Team Gameswas mainly manifested on dribbling, breaking, shooting, offensive running and defensive running. The technical and tactical behaviors of the high heart rate in the matches were, in turn, the technical and tactical be-haviors of high velocity and high intensity confrontation, those of high velocity,and those of moderate velocity and high intensity confrontation. Velocity was the main reason to produce high heart rate in the matches.