三峡工程建筑物设计关键技术问题研究与实践

针对三峡水利枢纽拦河大坝泄洪流量大、孔口多、泄洪消能结构复杂，岸坡厂房坝段基岩长大缓倾角结构面因坝后厂房深挖临空危及坝基稳定，坝体混凝土耐久性要求高且温控防裂困难；茅坪溪防护土石坝沥青混凝土心墙设计施工尚缺乏实践经验；电站运行水头高、变幅大，引水压力管道及进水口选型和蜗壳埋设方式技术复杂，地下电站采用变顶高尾水洞替代常规的尾水调压室；双线五级船闸运行水头高、输水水力条件复杂，且在山体深挖岩槽中修建，全衬砌船闸结构、高水头输水系统和大型人字闸门及启闭机设计难度大等关键技术问题,文章重点介绍了各建筑物设计研究解决问题的途径、采用的优选方案及技术措施和通过实践检验的创新成果。

The research and practice of key technological issues in structure design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity, more outlets complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure etc., the gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock in powerhouse dam section endangers the dam foundation stability due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe. For the dam body concrete, the durability requirement is high as well as the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult. There is a lack of practical experiences in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam. The power station operates with high water head and large head variation. The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique, and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank. For the double-line five-step ship-lock, the design of fully lined ship-lock, high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very difficult due to high operation head, complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock. The preferred solutions, optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures, as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.