清代山西官、私学田考述

学田制是中国古代学校教育中的一项重要制度.由于古代教育经费主要来源于国家的田赋收入,所以,国家就划拔一部分土地,收取这部分土地的租赋来维持地方学校经费,这些土地就称为"学田".隋唐以前,地方学校主要由政府开办,学田也就只有单一的官学学田.两宋以后,私学发展起来,学田也就有了官私之分.明清以来,随着科举制度的发展,官学、私学在全国普遍建立,学田数额的多寡和实际经营情况就成为衡量一个地区学校教育情况的重要标志.那么,清代山西学校教育情况如何?也可以通过学田来衡量.本文的目的,就是通过清代山西全省学田数额、来源、经营管理情况的考察,说明当时山西地方的学校教育状况.

Qing Dynasty Shanxi Official, Private Study Paddies Inspection Elaboration

Studied the farming system is China Ancient times in a school edition important system. Because ancient times educational expenditure important source in national land tax income, therefore, the country transfers part of hnds, gathers this part of hnds to rent bestows on maintains the place school funds, these lands are called "study the field". Before Sui and Tang dynasties, the place school mainly by the government hunch,studies the field is also only then the sole official study study field.Afier two Song, the private study development, studied the field also to have divi-sion the official and private. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, along with imperial civil service examination system's development, official study, pri-vate study in national universal establishment, how much studies the field amount and the actual operating condition becomes weighs an area school edition situation the important symboL Then, Qing Dynasty Shanxi school edition what state? May also pass study the field to weigh. This article goal was through the Qing Dynasty Shanxi entire province study field amount, the orion, the management and operation situation inspection, show-ing at that time the Shanxi place school edition condition.