基于轮组效应湿滑跑道飞机轮胎-水膜相互作用研究

湿滑跑道严重影响着飞机的起降安全,其根本原因就是水膜与轮胎相对运动产生的流体动力会使飞机的行驶姿态发生改变。基于弹性流体动力润滑理论,参考多种机型,并以波音737的主起落架为研究对象,运用流体分析软件Fluent建立带有纵向花纹的轮胎接地断面二维有限元模型,模拟轮胎受水流冲击的过程。提出了轮组效应,确定了适用于不同机型轮胎的流场分析计算域;并对飞机轮胎滑水现象进行参数影响分析。研究结果表明有沟槽轮胎所受压强值比无沟槽轮胎相同部位压强降低80%左右;轮胎受到的流体压力随着水流速度的增大而增大;在一定范围内沟槽宽度的增加在增大排水通道面积的同时显著降低轮胎受到的冲击压力;轮组轮胎前后轮所受的压强值差异性很大,前轮起到主要的"抗水"作用。

Research on Aircraft Tyres-Water Film Interaction on the Wet Pavement Based on Wheel Set of Aircrafts

Wet pavement seriously affects take-off and landing safety of aircrafts. The fundamental reason is tyres-water film interaction generates fluid power that makes the taxiing direction of the aircraft change. Based on the theory of elastic hydrodynamic lubrication and refer to a variety of models of aircrafts, the main landing gear of the Boeing 737 is taken as the research object here. The 2D finite element model of grounding section of tyre with longitudinal pattern is built and the fluid analysis software Fluent is used to simulate the process of the water impact to tyres. The wheel set effect is proposed to determine the flow field around the tyres that is suitable for different models of aircrafts. And the parameters of the aircraft tyre hydroplaning are researched also. The results show that the water pressure intensity on the grooved tyres is more about 80% than that of un-grooved tyres pressure on the same position. The fluid pressure on the tyre increases with the increase of water flow velocity. Within a certain range of groove width the fluid pressure on the tyres reduces significantly with increasing drainage area on the tire. The pressure on the front tyres in the wheel set is much more than the rear"s. So the front wheels play a major role in resistance to the water.