饥饿对中华倒刺鲃和慈鲷鱼群觅食行为的影响

探究种类和饥饿对不同生境和集群特征鱼类的群体觅食行为的影响。选取群体互动特征不同、生境和食物资源状况迥异的鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和慈鲷科(Cichlidae)鱼类斑马拟丽鱼(Pseudotropheus zebra)(后简称慈鲷)幼鱼作为实验对象，采用六臂迷宫来设置觅食情景，分析比较了前期经历饥饿或维持日粮摄食(对照组)鱼群的探索强度、凝聚力指标(IC)、首次到达食物臂速度、食物臂时间占比等行为学参数。与中华倒刺鲃相比，慈鲷有更高的探索强度和更低的IC值。饥饿导致慈鲷探索强度下降、首次到达食物臂速度加快和食物臂时间占比上升；中华倒刺鲃经历饥饿后食物臂时间占比略有下降。慈鲷和中华倒刺鲃群体觅食行为存在种间差异，且仅有慈鲷在群体觅食行为上表现出对食物匮乏的适应性变化，这可能与2种鱼类生境、食物资源等条件不同有关。

Effects of Starvation on Foraging Behavior in Qingbo Spinibarbus sinensis and Cichlid Pseudotropheus zebra

To explore the effects of species and starvation on group foraging behavior of fish species from different habitats and with shoaling characteristics. The juveniles of qingbo ( Spinibarbus sinensis ) and cichlid ( Pseudotropheus zebra ), two species with different social interaction characteristics, different habitat food resources and environmental conditions were selected as experimental subjects. The exploration behavior, cohesion, latency to food arm, and percent time stayed in the food arm of starved and normal-fed (control group) fish were measured in foraging scenarios set by the six-armed maze. Compared with qingbo, cichlid exhibited more group exploration behavior and lower fish cohesion. Moreover, starvation resulted in decreased exploration behavior, shorten latency to food arm, and higher percentage time stayed in food arm of cichlid, whereas only the percentage of time stayed in food arm decreased time slightly in qingbo. There were interspecific differences in the foraging behavior between cichlid and qingbo, and only cichlid showed adaptive behavioral response to food shortage according to group foraging behavior. It may be related to the different distribution of food resources in natural habitats between two species.