Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses |
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Authors: | M Schröder |
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Institution: | (1) School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK |
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Abstract: | In homeostasis, cellular processes are in a dynamic equilibrium. Perturbation of homeostasis causes stress. In this review
I summarize how perturbation of three major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells–protein folding,
lipid and sterol biosynthesis, and storing intracellular Ca2+ – causes ER stress and activates signaling pathways collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). I discuss how
the UPR reestablishes homeostasis, and summarize our current understanding of how the transition from protective to apoptotic
UPR signaling is controlled, and how the UPR induces inflammatory signaling.
Received 21 August 2007; received after revision 26 October 2007; accepted 29 October 2007 |
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Keywords: | Apoptosis Ca2+ store cholesterol endoplasmic reticulum membrane fluidity molecular chaperone protein folding unfolded protein response |
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