采用相对饱和深度评价潜艇脱险减压病危险性的动物模型研究

摘要: 目的观察相同减压负荷的模拟潜艇脱险( simulated submarine escape，sSE) 暴露和相对饱和深度( equal air depth，EAD) 饱和减压暴露减压反应程度的差异，评估采用EAD 饱和减压动物模型对潜艇脱险减压负荷的评价效果。方法山羊12 只，分为4 组，分别给予7 m 饱和后模拟150 m 潜艇脱险( 1 组，EAD = 12. 4 m) 、12. 4 m 饱和后直接减压( 2 组) 、12 m 饱和后模拟150 m 潜艇脱险( 3 组，EAD = 17. 1 m) 和17. 1 m 饱和后直接减压暴露( 4组) ，暴露前后采血检测血常规、血凝和NO、iNOS，暴露后15 min 观察行为表现并进行血管内气泡检测，观察动物存活情况。结果相同EAD 不同处理组间血管内气泡Spencer 分级、血常规和血凝指标、NO 和NOS 无显著性差异( P ＞ 0. 05) ; EAD 大的处理组( 3 组、4 组) 动物死亡率高( 50% ) ; 4 组较1 组PT 显著增加( P ＜ 0. 01) ，较2组APTT、PT 显著增加( P ＜ 0. 05) ; EAD 为17. 1 m 的实验组NO 含量显著高于EAD 为12. 4 m 的实验组( P ＜0. 01) 。结论采用EDA 计算不同压力预饱和暴露后的模拟潜艇脱险的减压负荷是可行的。红细胞的流变学变化和血管活性因子可能在机体的减压应激反应中起到了一定的作用，这为开展减压应激标志物的研究提供了参考。

EAD Saturation Animal Model for Estimating Decompressing Stress of Simulated Complex Submarine Escape Procedure

Abstract: Objective We observed the different responses of animal exposure to simulated submarine escape ( sSE) and direct decompressing after equal air depth ( EAD) saturation to estimate the effects of EAD animal model to decompression load in complex sSE． Method 12 goats were divided into four groups，separately exposed to 150 m sSE after 7m saturation( group 1，EAD = 12． 4 m) ，directly decompressing after 12． 4 m saturation ( group 2) ，150 m sSE after 12m saturation ( group 3，EAD = 17． 1 m) ，and directly decompressing after 17. 1 m saturation( group 4 ) ． The animal behavior，vascular bubble and mortality were observed after exposure． The peripheral blood were collected to blood routine examination，blood coagulation，NO and NOS． Ｒesult there were no significant differences in vascular bubble Spencer classification，blood routine examination，blood coagulation between groups of separate exposure method with same EDA． Large EDA groups had a higher mortality rate ( 50%) ． Group 4 had a higher PT than group 1( P ＜ 0． 01) ，higher APTT and PT than group 2 ( P ＜ 0． 01) ． There was significant difference in NO between different EAD groups ( P ＜ 0． 01) ，but no NOS． Conclusion It was suggested that EAD animal model was available to estimate decompressing stress in complex sSE． Hemorhology and NO may be effective biomarkers in decompressing stress．