常见腐朽菌对几种熏蒸剂耐药性和敏感性的试验

<正> 所谓熏蒸法木材防腐处理,就是用某些低沸点的化学药剂在常压下使它在木材中蒸发、扩散以达到防止木材腐朽的方法。这种方法在生产实践中显示出很大的优越性。例如美国俄勒冈州西部十条通讯线路的电杆木,在使用后的6-18年间,已有60％发生内腐。而内腐杆木经熏蒸法处理后,至少可延长使用寿命5年。由于熏蒸法可以就地进行处理,操作方便,并已在生产实践中证明是有效的,所以是一种很有发展前途的处理方法。 本试验的目的在于探索常见腐朽菌对几种常见熏蒸剂的耐药性和敏感性。为了使研究结果能有助于我国的实际应用,特选用了七种在我国常见的腐朽菌作为试验菌种。试验先是以麦芽浸提汁-琼酯作底物,来测定熏蒸剂对腐朽菌的毒性范围,由于实际上防腐的对象是木材,因此又以美国南方黄松(Pinus Palustris Niller)为底物进行试验,以测定底物改变后熏蒸剂对腐朽菌的毒杀作用有无变化、变化如何。根据这二项试验的结果,进行分析、讨论。现整理成文,供我国从事木材防腐工业的同志参考。

A TEST OF THE TOLERANCE AND SENSITIVITY OF SOME IMPORTANT WOOD DECAY FUNGI TO FUMIGANTS

To determine the tolerance and sensitivity of fungi to fumigants, seven important wood decay fungi in China (i. e. Polyporus versicolor, P. pargamenos, Lentinus lepideus, Coniophora puteana, Lenzites seapiaria, L. trabea, Antrodia serialis) and three fumigants (i. e. Chloropicrin, Vapam and Vorlex) were tested. Comparison was also made between the data on toxic levels measured in wood blocks (Southern Yellow Pine in the U. S.) and those measuied on malt extract-agar substrate. The results indicated that of the seven fungi tested, Lentinus lepideus had the highest tolerance to all the three fumigants tested, L. trabea and C. puteana had the lowest tolerance and that of the three fumigants, Vapam had the maximum toxicity to all the seven fungi tested.