预制基质客土持水与抗侵蚀性能试验研究

高陡岩质边坡的生态防护存在着客土稳定性差、植物生长困难和传统客土喷播初期抗雨水冲刷能力较弱的问题,通过采用具有一定强度的预制客土模块及土工格栅进行边坡绿化支护,可以使得客土层具备良好的持水性和抗侵蚀性,从而适用于高陡岩质边坡的生态防护。本文通过蒸发试验、最大毛细上升高度试验研究了不同配比对客土模块的持水性、毛细性的影响,通过室内人工雨水冲刷试验探究了预制客土模块的抗侵蚀特性。结果表明无论是否掺入泥炭,随秸秆含量的增高黄土含量降低,客土吸水性增加,毛细性变差,同时降低了客土层密度,利于边坡的稳定；泥炭替代部分黄土,客土蒸发速率增强,泥炭的掺入增强了客土的毛细性。预制客土模块在模拟极限降雨条件下,侵蚀量微小,抗侵蚀性能良好。

Experimental Study on Water-Holding Capacity and Erosion Resistance of Prefabric Ated Matrix Borrowed Soil

The ecological protection of high steep rock slopes has problems of poor stability of borrowed soil, difficult growth of plant and weak resistance to rain erosion at the initial stage of traditional borrowed soils spraying. By using the prefabricated soil modules with a certain strength and the geogrids to carry out the greening slope support, soils should have good water-holding capacity and erosion resistance, so they are suitable for the ecological protection of high and steep rock slopes. In this paper, the water retention capacity and capillarity of soils were studied by evaporation experiment and capillary water rising experiment of the soil sample under different mixing ratios, and the anti-erosion characteristics of the prefabricated modules were tested by an indoor simulated rainfall scouring experiment. The results show that with the increase of straw content and the decrease of loess content, the water absorption of the soil increases, the capillarity deteriorates, and the density of the soil layer is reduced which is beneficial to improve the stability of the slope; Peat replaces part of the loess, which can improve the evaporation rate of the soil and enhance its capillarity. Under the condition of simulated extreme rainfall, the prefabricated module has a small amount of erosion and good erosion resistance.