油用与食用向日葵籽形态及主成分差异辨析

本文比较分析了食用和油用葵籽实和籽仁的大小、蛋白质含量、油脂含量、脂肪酸组成以及碳水化合物含量.结果表明:食葵籽实和籽仁均较大,种皮多为灰底白纹;油葵籽实和籽仁均较小,籽实饱满充实,种皮多为黑色;食葵籽仁蛋白含量平均为19%,油葵籽仁蛋白含量平均为15%,食葵籽仁蛋白含量大都高于油葵;食葵籽仁含油量在30.0%~42.4%之间,油葵籽仁含油量在30%~47.3%之间;葵籽油主要含棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸;其油酸和亚油酸较高,约占90%,70%食葵籽的亚油酸含量丰富,达到60%以上,58%油葵籽油酸含量较高,达80%以上;食葵籽仁淀粉含量约14%,油葵籽仁淀粉含量13%左右.食葵和油葵籽虽在某些主成分上有差异,但其划分主要是按其种皮形态、籽粒大小以及嗑食方便性.

Discriminatory Analysis on the Morphology and Major Components of Kernels of the Edible and Oil-type Sunflowers

Edible and oil types sunflower seeds each 20 kinds of was used as materials, a comparative analysis of the difference in seed and kernel size, kernel protein content, fat content, fatty acid composition and relative content, and carbohydrate content. The results showed that: edible sunflower seeds and kernel are large (length of path seeds: 1.75: 0.79cm; seed kernel: 1.18: 0.54cm), testa mostly duplex white pattern; oil seeds and kernel are Small (length diameter seeds: 1.04: 0.52cm; seed kernel: 0.88: 0.45cm), full enrichment seed, the seed coat is black; The average edible content of sunflower seed kernel protein about 19%,, the average oil content of sunflower seed kernel protein about 15%, edible sunflower seed kernel protein content higher than most oil-use; edible sunflower seed kernel oil content ranged from 30.03 percent to 42.37 percent, oil sunflower seed kernel oil content between 30% percent with 47.24% percent; the main component of sunflower seed oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid; oleic and linoleic acid relative higher levels, a total of about 90%, 70% edible sunflower seeds rich in linoleic acid content of more than 60%, 58% higher oleic sunflower oil content of more than 80%; edible sunflower seed kernel starch content of about 14%, oil sunflower seed kernel starch content of about 13%. Edible and oil types sunflower seeds, although there are some differences on the main ingredient, but there is no strict boundaries, divided mainly on the basis of its seed coat shape, grain size and nibbling food and convenient features performed.