城市中心区域毗邻私有停车场的共享停车位优化设置研究

本文提出在办公建筑物的私有停车场附近设置共享停车位以缓解城市中心停车位不足的矛盾.研究首先建立了同时包含私有停车场和步行距离可接受的共享停车场的瓶颈经济学模型，设计迭代算法求解出行者的平均出行成本、平均排队时间、系统总成本和停车盈利.研究表明，在毗邻私有停车场设置共享停车位可以有效降低出行成本和缓解交通拥堵，但是过多地建设反而会降低系统的出行效率，造成新的拥堵；从系统总出行成本最优角度，管理者应采取鼓励共享停车的政策；从企业总停车盈利角度，共享停车位应依据私有停车位收费标准进行合理定价.因而，设立共享停车位可作为有效的交通管理手段，通过优化共享停车位数量和价格，最终达到有效的管理目标.

Study on the optimal setting of shared parking spaces adjacent to private parking lots in urban central areas

In the paper, we propose to set up shared parking spaces near the private parking lot of office buildings to alleviate the contradiction of insufficient parking space in the city center. Firstly, a bottleneck economic model is established, which includes both private parking lot and shared parking lot with acceptable walking distance. An iterative algorithm is designed to solve the analytic solutions of average travel cost, average queuing time, total travel cost and total parking profit. The research shows that setting up shared parking spaces near private parking lot can effectively reduce total travel cost and alleviate traffic congestion, but too much construction will reduce the travel efficiency of the system, resulting in new congestion; from the perspective of the optimal total travel cost, managers should adopt policies to encourage shared parking (such as appropriately reducing the price of shared parking space or increasing subsidies); from the perspective of total parking profit, shared parking spaces should be priced reasonably according to the charging standard of private parking spaces. Therefore, the mode of setting up shared parking spaces can be used as an effective means of traffic management. By optimizing the number and price of shared parking spaces, the effective management objectives can be achieved.