青海省东北边缘地区蝴蝶多样性

为积累探讨蝴蝶的起源进化及其与环境演变的关系和蝴蝶预测预示环境的变化与优劣作用的基础资料,调查组于2011年7-8月对青海东北边缘地区蝴蝶采用样线法进行了调查,分4个植被小区进行分析讨论,获知该地区共分布蝶类161种(含文献记载),隶属于8科82属,14种是青海省新纪录.本次调查获知87种,隶属于8科,49属.分布的粉蝶和蛱蝶种类最多,均为34种,眼蝶30种,灰蝶29种,凤蝶和蚬蝶只有3种.5种生境中,农田物种数、个体数、多样性指数和均匀度均最高,是这个地区特有的现象.从数量等级分析,13种历史记载为优势种的蝴蝶,有5种数量等级保持不变,有5种降为常见种,3种降为少见种,同时新增6个优势种,反映了过去10多年间该地区环境的某种变化.冷龙岭和黄湟谷地小区系统中,优势种比例高,罕见种比例低,预示着系统的健康状况低、或者有下降可能.青海东北边缘地区蝴蝶分布型具有非常明显的边缘效应特征,其泛布种、广布种和共有种127个,占全区分布蝴蝶的78.88%;该地区区系具备基本古北区性质,古北种27个;占16.77%;由于青海东北边缘地区非常突出的过渡性质,特有种非常罕见,共7个,仅占4.35%,其中青藏区3个,西南、东北、华北和华中区各1个.青海东北边缘地区分布的蝴蝶中,有哪些种类地理分布范围的某段边界线是在我们调查的这个区域内值得进一步研究.

On Diversity of Butterflies in Northeast Margin Region of Qinghai Province

In order to collect basic data for discussion of the relationship between the origin and evolution of butterflies and environmental evolution ,and the advantage and disadvantage influence on environmental change predicted by butterflies ,we have investigated the butterflies in northeast margin region of Qinghai province by sample strips from July to August in 2011 ,and the analysis and discussion have been made based on four vegetation district . T here are 161 species of butterflies recorded in papers belonging to 8 families ,82 genera ,among w hich 14 are new record .In our investigation 87 species belonging to 8 fami_lies ,49 genera were found .There are 34 species of both Pieridae and Nymphalidae which are the most in number of species ,30 species of Satyridae ,29 of Lycaenidae and only 3 of Papilionidae and Riodinidae .A_mong all habitat ,cropland first in individual number ,diversity index and evenness index ,w hich is unique for this area .The quantity level analysis showed that according to 13 species of history record .are domi_nant ,5 kept unchanged ,5 declined to become common species and 3 declined to rare species ,in addition 6 new dominant appeared ,w hich indicated the change of environment in this area during the past over ten years .In the system of Lenglong Ling mountains and Huanghe ,Huangshui Valleys District ,there is a high percentage of dominant and low percentage of rare species ,showing the system is in bad health and probably worsen .The butterflies in northeast margin region of Qinghai has a obvious character of marginal effect and there are 127 widely distributed species ,dispersed species and Palaearctic_oriental region species totally that cover up 78 .88 percent of butterflies in the whole area .The fauna in this area has the basic fea_ture of Palearctic ,and there are 27 Palaearctic species that take up 16 .77 percent .Owing to the significant transition nature of northeast margin region of Qinghai ,the endemic species is rare and 7 species occupying only 4 .35 percent ,among which there are 3 in Qingzang area ,1 in southwest area ,northeast area ,north China and Central China respectively .Of all butterflies in northeast margin region of Qinghai ,w hat spe_cies have distribution border line of a paragraph that are located in our investigation area are worthy further reseach .