单起点多讫点公共交通系统早高峰乘车均衡性质研究

分析早高峰单起点多讫点公共交通系统乘客乘车行为. 乘客权衡乘车时间成本、拥挤成本和误时惩罚成本，做出最优车次选择. 建立等价的数学优化模型描述均衡状态. 推导出单起点多讫点公共交通系统乘车均衡状态的五条性质. 1） 相同目的地乘客分布在连续车次. 在误时惩罚最小车次上，乘客人数达到最大值. 2） 较早车次不可能由短途乘客单独搭乘. 3） 较早车次到达特定车站时，车上乘客人数为常数. 4） 较晚车次离开特定车站时，车上乘客人数为常数. 5） 在特定车次到达特定车站时，车上乘客人数小于更早车次. 最后通过算例表明，早高峰单起点多讫点公共交通系统乘车均衡状态符合本文推导出的性质.

Equilibrium properties of the morning peak-period commuting in a one-to-many mass transit system

This paper analyzes the morning peak-period commuting pattern in a one-to-many transit system. Commuters make their optimal time-of-use decision by trading off the travel time and crowding cost against the schedule delay cost. An equivalent mathematical programming model is proposed to characterize the equilibrium state. we deduce five equilibrium properties of the morning peak-period commuting in a one-to-many mass transit system. 1) Commuters of the same destination disperse in continuous train services and the number of commuters reaches its peak value in the train which arrives the destination at desired time. 2) Earlier trains which are choosed by short distance commuters carry long distance commuters simultaneously. 3) When earlier trains arrive at specific stations, the numbers of commuters in vehicle are constant independent of the train number. 4) When later trains leave specific stations, the number of commuters in vehicle are constant independent of the train number. 5) In specific region of trains, the number of commuters in later trains is less than earlier trains. Illustrated by two numerical examples, all equilibrium states accord with these properties.