上海大气环境中的城市干岛和湿岛效应

本文根据上海城区１１个气象站和近效４个县站近７年的气象观测资料，进行大气湿环境的城、交了对比分析，阐明了上海城市干岛与城市湿岛的出现频率，强度变化，时空分布规律和形成原因。

The Urban Dry Island and Urban Moisture Island Effects of Shanghai Atmospheric Environment

Based on analysing the simultances meteorological data of eleven urban stations and fourrural stations in Shanghai area in 1984-1990, It is found that the urban influences on atmospheric humidity, mainly water vapour pressure is very obvious. There are urban dry island andurban moisture island effects. By combining of the anthropogenic condition (the change of urban surface and the emission of anthropogenic water-vapour by combustion processes) andweather conditions we clarify the formative processes and features of these two effects. All thecases of urban dry island and urban moisture island are always accompanied by an urban heatisland.There are five types of urban moisture island according to their formation f (1) with less dewdeposits in the night-time, (2) with less frost deposits in wintertime, (3) more water evaporationin or after rain, (4) more water evaporation in the fog time, (5) more water evaPOration fromrapid melting snow cover. This research is not only important to the theoretical problem of howthe man's activities influence on the atmospheric environment, but also provides scientific basisfor urban weather prediction and urban design.