反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺研究进展

反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化(Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation, DAMO)耦合厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Anammox)脱氮工艺在实现能源废水处理方面具有很大的潜力。DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺能同时将甲烷、氨氮和硝酸盐转化为无害的N₂和CO₂,在无需额外能量消耗下实现废水中的碳氮循环，有望成为未来环境友好型废水处理的主要技术。本文讨论了DAMO-Anammox微生物的协同和竞争机制，不同电子受体的类型对脱氮过程中微生物胞外电子传递机制及脱氮除甲烷效率的影响，指出了目前DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺存在的功能微生物富集困难、气液传质效率差和脱氮性能不足等应用瓶颈，总结了如新型反应器构型的设计、人工电子中介体投入和电化学强化等相对应的改进策略，为该工艺的进一步研究和规模化应用提供参考。

Research Progress of Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation Coupled with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Denitrification Process

The Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation (DAMO) coupled with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) denitrification process has great potential in the treatment of energy wastewater.The DAMO-Anammox denitrification process can simultaneously convert methane,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate into harmless N₂ and CO₂,and realize the carbon and nitrogen cycle in wastewater without additional energy consumption,which is expected to become the main technology of environmentally friendly wastewater treatment in the future.This review discusses the synergistic and competitive metabolic interactions between DAMO and Anammox microorganisms,the effects of different types of electron acceptors on the extracellular electron transfer mechanism of microorganisms and the efficiency of nitrogen and methane removal in the denitrification process.The bottlenecks of the DAMO-Anammox process,such as difficulties in the enrichment of functional microorganisms,poor gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency,and insufficient performance of denitrification,are summarized.The corresponding improvement strategies,such as the design of new reactor configurations,the input of artificial electron mediators and electrochemical enhancement,are summarized to provide reference for further research and large-scale application of the process.