微量元素在林木中的应用研究进展

微量元素对林木生长发育至关重要,它们参与林木呼吸作用、光合作用、营养吸收及激素信号传导等多种生理生化过程。目前与林木生长有关的微量元素共有8种。微量元素与树体营养元素浓度、林木生长量及产量密切相关,是林木施肥与营养诊断的理论基础。笔者对微量元素在林木中的功能、微量元素与林木生长发育、林分类型、土壤和病虫害的关系及林木微量元素吸收转运分子机制、营养诊断等方面的研究现状进行综述,总结了现阶段存在的问题并对未来研究提出建议,认为我国林木可用的微肥品种和产量较少,与国外相关情况相比还有一定差距,且尚未组织微肥生产和制定质量标准,产品未达到多样化、定型化等;不同微量元素之间存在协同或拮抗作用。虽然在生产中尚未完全掌握土壤微量元素分布规律,导致林木施肥存在一定的盲目性,但我国生态农林业的发展已经起步。从我国林木的营养诊断技术、微肥研究利用、高效养分管理和速生丰产林的培育等方面开展深入研究,建议在林木施肥中应用微生物肥,以减缓土地营养衰退趋势,同时要进行树种选优、改良土壤、加强管理来提高林木经营总体效益。

A review on the application of microelements in forests

Microelements are crucial for the growth and development of trees, and they are involved in various physiological and biochemical processes such as tree respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and hormone signal transduction. At present, there are 16 element types related to the growth of trees, among which there are eight types of trace elements. Microelements are closely related to tree nutrient element concentration and tree growth and yield. This is also the theoretical basis for tree fertilization and nutritional diagnosis.The research status of the function of microelements in trees, the relationship between microelements and tree growth, stand types, soil, pests and diseases, the molecular mechanism of absorption and transport of microelements in trees, nutrition diagnosis and other aspects were reviewed, and recommendations were made on current problems and future research. There are few varieties and yields for micro-fertilizers available for trees in China and there is still a gap when compared with other countries. For example, micro-fertilizer production and quality standards have not been organized, and the products have not reached a level of diversification. There are synergistic or antagonistic effects among the different microelements. Although soil microelement distribution regulations are not fully understood in the context of current production and there is a lack of focus on tree fertilization, the development of ecological agriculture and forestry in China has already started. In-depth research was undertaken on the nutritional diagnosis technology of trees, the research and utilization of micro-fertilizers, efficient nutrient management, and the cultivation of fast-growing and high-yield forests in China. Microbial fertilizers can be used in forest fertilization to slow down the trend in land nutrition decline. Meanwhile, it is important to carry out tree species selection, soil improvement, and strengthen management to improve the overall efficiency of forest management.