现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望

良种是提升人工林生产力和增强其碳汇能力的重要基础。“林业种质资源培育与质量提升”是国家“十四五”重点研发任务之一。突破制约林木育种效率和遗传增益提升的瓶颈对于保障国家木材安全和实现“双碳”目标具有十分重要的战略意义。由于传统林木育种周期长、效率低、表型选择精度差,以分子育种为代表的现代育种技术可以显著缩短林木育种周期,精准改良目标性状,成为实现高效林木遗传改良的关键途径。笔者分析了限制林木遗传改良进程的主要问题,阐述了全基因组选择育种等现代林木育种关键核心技术的发展现状及应用情况,并对这些技术未来发展方向进行了展望,为加速林木遗传改良的重大技术创新提供参考。

The key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process

Elite cultivars provide important foundations for enhancing carbon sink capacity and increasing the productivity of forest plantations. Forestry germplasm resources breeding and quality improvement has been one of the national key research and development programs during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China. For ensuring timber safety and achieving dual-carbon goals, it is strategically important to break through the bottleneck that restricts the increase in breeding efficiency and the genetic gain of forest trees. Due to the long period, low efficiency, and low phenotypic selection accuracy of traditional breeding approaches, modern breeding technologies represented by molecular breeding have become a critical path towards high-efficient genetic improvement of forest trees. This is because it can considerably shorten breeding cycles and improve target traits with precision. This paper analyzed the main problems limiting the genetic improvement of forest trees, reviewed the key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process, such as genomic selection breeding, and further discussed some future perspectives for this area. This review will provide useful information for accelerating the revolution and innovation of genetic improvement in forest trees.