基于AnyBody仿真及有限元建模下的八段锦运动生物力学研究

以AnyBody仿真骨骼肌多体逆向动力学三元素肌肉收缩力模型及有限元法构建八段锦动作的三维胫骨模型，全面、客观地计算不同动作最大肌力峰值时刻的积分肌电、力矩、肌肉收缩等生物力学特性. 将10例健康青年八段锦志愿者的身高、体质量、髋宽、髋深、膝宽、踝宽等形态学数据作为约束条件，用AnyBody7.1.2软件导出八段锦8个动作下肢最大肌力指标，依据胫骨最大应力约束条件，用Minics 10.01、Geomagic studio 2013、ANSYS 19.2软件建构三维数据，添加AnyBody中的3个方向数据，分析并计算不同动作最大力的应力传导大小、分布规律. 研究结果表明:八段锦是左右对称性运动，双侧同块肌肉积分肌电值、肌肉力值无显著性差异，有利于锻炼双下肢稳定性及协调性，运动中人体需要通过移动来保持平衡，膝关节在垂直轴方向力最大，伸展力矩值最大；做八段锦运动过程中，髋关节主导发力肌肉为臀中肌，膝关节主导发力肌肉为比目鱼肌、股外侧肌、腓肠肌，踝关节主导发力肌肉为拇长屈肌；表面肌电验证是评价人体肌肉激活程度的主要方式，八段锦运动中胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、股直肌、股二头肌的肌肉活性仿真结果与积分肌电值具有较高的一致性.以AnyBody软件分析下肢动作特征和有限元软件建构的胫骨模型，适用于八段锦动作的动态研究，可为计算八段锦运动时动力学变化提供新思路与实践价值参考. 

Biomechanics of Baduanjin by AnyBody simulation and finite element modeling

“AnyBody” was used to demonstrate “three-element muscle contraction force” in skeletal muscle multi-body inverse dynamics. Three-dimensional tibia model of Baduanjin movement was constructed by finite element method. Integrated electromyography, torque, muscle contraction and other biomechanical characteristics at peak of maximum muscle force in different movements were calculated. The height, weight, hip width, hip depth, knee width, ankle width and other morphological data of 10 healthy young Baduanjin volunteers were used to obtain maximum muscle strength and other indexes of the lower limbs in eight movements of Baduanjin with “AnyBody 7.1.2”. Maximum stress constraint condition of the tibia was used to construct three-dimensional data with Minics 10.01, Geomagic studio 2013 and ANSYS 19.2. Data in three directions from “AnyBody” were then added, stress conduction size and distribution of the largest force in different directions were analyzed and calculated. Baduanjin was found to be an excise with left-right symmetrical movements. No significant difference in integral electromyography or muscle force of the same muscle on either side was found, conducive to stability and coordination of lower limbs. The human body needs to maintain balance through adjusted movements, the force of knee joint in the vertical direction was found to be the largest, with extension moment being the largest. During Baduanjin excercises, dominating hip joint driving muscles were gluteus medius, soleus, lateral femoris, gastrocnemius and flexor pollicis longus . Surface electromyography was the main method to evaluate activation of human muscles. Simulated muscle activities of tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were found to be consistent with integral electromyogram. It is concluded that tibia model constructed by “AnyBody” and finite element software is suitable for dynamic study of Baduanjin movements.