上海地区水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的浓度水平及分布特征

选取了上海地区5家污水处理厂以及黄浦江流域11处采样点的水样作为研究对象,采用固相微萃取(solid phase micro-extraction, SPME)气相色谱-质谱联用的方法测定了水样中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters, PAEs)的含量. 结果表明, 邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(benzyl butyl phthalate, BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP)对PAEs 浓度的贡献很大, 是上海地区黄浦江流域中主要的PAEs 污染物, 其中DIBP 对污水处理厂进水中PAEs 的浓度贡献远大于其他PAEs, 而出水中PAEs 的浓度大大降低, 远低于进水中的浓度. 5 家污水处理厂的PAEs 平均去除率均超过了70%. 黄浦江流域水样中的PAEs 浓度变化范围为18.071~346.662 μg/L, 且PAEs 在黄浦江上游农业区的浓度远低于在中下游工商业区的浓度. 对污水处理厂出水排放和黄浦江流域水样中的PAEs 浓度进行了相关性分析, 结果表明二者没有明显的相关性, 黄浦江水污染的具体来源还需要进一步的研究.

Concentration levels and distribution features of PAEs in water environment in Shanghai

Having selected 5 waste water treatment plants and 11 sampling points in Huangpu River, Shanghai, as research objects, a solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) mode was took to measure phthalate esters (PAEs) in waters. The results showed that diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were major contributors of PAEs concentration, thus making them the main pollutants in Huangpu River. DIBP claimed much more responsibility than any other PAEs for the PAEs concentrations during inflow in waste water treatment plants. The PAEs concentrations decreased tremendously during outflow, and were far lower than those during inflow. With the average removal rate in 5 sewage water plants exceeding 70%, PAEs had been very well disposed. Ranging from 18.071~346.662 μg/L, PAEs concentrations in surface water were much lower in agricultural watersheds in the upstream than in business areas in the downstream of Huangpu River. A correlation analysis between PAEs discharged by water treatment plants and PAEs in Huangpu River showed no direct relevance between them. Therefore, specific sources of water pollutants in surface water requires further research.