1954-2005年三江平原生态系统服务价值损失评估

在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,通过历史时期地图数字化和遥感图像解译得到三江平原1954-2005年的6期土地利用数据,分析了过去50 a三江平原土地利用结构变化及其原因,定量评估了三江平原生态系统服务价值的变化趋势,并分析了其变化的空间差异。结果表明：1954-2005年间,三江平原土地利用变化剧烈,沼泽湿地面积比例从32.58%减少到7.44%,耕地面积比例从15.84%增加到55.16%。过去50 a间生态系统服务价值总量不断减少,减少幅度达48.00%。通过空间变化统计分析得出,生态系统服务价值减少、增加、没有变化的区域分别占58.16%、26.62%、15.22%。生态系统服务价值减少的区域内多发生由单位生态服务价值较高的沼泽湿地、林地和草地向耕地的转化;生态系统服务价值增加的区域发生了由单位生态服务价值较低的耕地向草地和林地的转化;生态系统服务价值基本不变的区域多为难以开垦的林地所覆盖。以上结果表明,人类活动是造成三江平原生态系统服务价值损失的主导因素。图5,表3,参15。

Loss Assessment of the Ecosystem Service Values of the Sanjiang Plain from 1954 to 2005

Based on RS and GIS technology,6 stages of spatial database from 1954 to 2005 were established with the map digitization and imagery interpretation methods.Thus the the land use and cover change(LUCC) characteristics and the causes were analyzed in this paper,Combining with existing method,the dynamics of ecosystem service value(ESV) were evaluated,also the spatial dymamic characteristics were analyzed.The results indicate:the LUCC of Sanjiang Plain changes a lot from 1954 to 2005,the area proportion of marshy declined from 32.58% to 7.44%,while the proportion of field land increased from 15.84% to 55.16%.48% of the total ESV was lost.The Statistical analysis of spatial variation indicates: the ESV increased,decreased,changeless area account for 58.16%,26.62% and 15.22% respectively.The land use of ESV decreased area had transformed form marshy land,forest,grassland which are of high value per unit to field land.Most of the ESV changeless areas are forest which is difficult to reclaime.Our study results show that human activities are the main cause of ESV loss.