三峡工程对气候的影响及其对策

着重地用数值模拟的方法研究了三峡水库的温度效应，在本模式中，我们系统地考虑了许多有效的因素，如水陆间反射率的差异、温度、水体对太阳辐射的透射作用、水体的湍流混合、地面和水面的能量平衡及土壤热传导方程等。结果是：水库水体白天有降温效应，夜间有升温效应，这种效应晴天大于阴天；夏季白天的降温效应大于夜间的夜升温效应，冬季则相反，此外，也简略地讨论了三峡水库对湖南洞庭湖区防洪和气候生态环境的影响，并提出了

Water Conservancy Project of Three Gorgs in Yangtse River Effets a Influence in Climate and Its Countermeasure

In this paper, the temperature effects of Sanxia reservoir are studied emphatically by means of mumerical modeling. In present model, we considered systemmatically many effective factors, such as the differences between water surface and land surface in albedo, temperature, transmission of solar radiation in water, the turbulent mixing of water, surface energy balance equations both on water surface and land surface,the thermal conduction equstion in soil. The results art as follows, water body of Sanxia reservoir produces effect for drop in temperature at daytime and rise in temperature at night,the effect to fine day is notabler than to overcast sky, the effect of drop in temperature at daytime is remarkabler than rise in temperature at night in summer, and it is contrary in winter. Besides, influence of Saxia reservoir to flood control and environment of climaticecology in Dongting Lake region is discussed. Moreover, advanced countermeasure is advanced too.