气候暖化对台湾水文环境的冲击

自十九世纪中期起就开始发展的全球暖化现象,已使北半球平均气温上升的幅度接近摄氏一度.而伴随全球暖化的结果之一就是全球气候及水文循环正在急遽的改变,各地降雨的强度及分布型态因应气温的上升及气候极端变化而有明显的变化.以台湾地区为例,回顾百年来台湾降雨型态的变化趋势,讨论气候暖化对近五十年来台湾水文环境(地表水、地下水)所造成的影响.其中最显著的趋势为:南北降雨的差异性扩大,降雨型态朝极端化发展.这些变化趋势对未来水资源的调配与运用产生不利的影响.

The Impacts of Global Warming on the Water Environment of Taiwan

Global warming has been detected since the mid-19 Century and raised about one Celsius degree of surface temperature in the northern hemisphere. One of the consequences derived from global warming is the chaotic variations of climate and water cycle on the earth surface. Extreme weather events have been observed all over the world, particularly for the pattern and intensity of precipitation. This study takes Taiwan as a case to review its precipitation variations during the past century and discusses the impacts of global warming on the local water environment, both on surface and ground-waters. The salient features are: (1) the regional heterogeneity of precipitation between north and south becomes deteriorating; (2) the extremity of precipitation intensity is getting worse. These trends are very unfavorable for the long-term management and development of the water resources in Taiwan.