日本江户幕府中后期的幕藩体制与商品经济

江户中后期,幕藩制社会无论在经济构造还是政治体制上都发生了重要的变化.经济上幕府和各藩都出现了财政危机,政治上农民的反抗斗争不断,幕藩体制进入到危机期.与之相对,江户初期的幕藩制商品流通机构的绝对优势地位,也开始受到农村商品经济和各藩独立领国商品经济发展的冲击而发生动摇.为了解决危机,幕府在经济上一方面通过加强对商品市场统制,利用株仲间控制全国的商品流通,压制商品经济在农村和各藩的发展;一方面又开始转变初期"重本抑末"的倾向,积极地吸收商品经济的成果振兴幕府经济.因此这一时期幕藩体制已开始成为商品经济自由发展的障碍.

Relations between Bakuhan System and Commodity Economy in the Mid-later Edo-Japan

Japan changed greatly both in economy system and political system in the mid - later Edo Period. Bakufu and Hans encountered the crisis of finance and politics, concomitantly commodity economy made much progress in countryside and Hans, which impacted severely the commodity circulation organizations of Bakuhan system that began to lose superiority gradually in the whole country. For the sake of crisis, Bakufu took some measures that firstly strengthened the control over of commodity markets, inhibiting economy in countryside and Hans, on the other hand, it started to transform the traditional policy which attached excessively importance to the agriculture all the while. In a word, Bakuhan System became the obstacle of commodity economy developing in Japan.