羧基富勒烯增强g-C3N4材料的制备及光降解罗丹明B的研究

富勒烯具有合适的能带间隙，能够实现快速的光诱导电荷分离和相对缓慢的电荷重组，被认为是一类增强半导体光催化活性的优良材料。本研究中通过Prato反应在富勒烯表面引入羧基制得衍生物C₆₀-(COOH)，采用可见-近红外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和质谱对合成的产物进行表征，表明了合成的羧基富勒烯衍生物是1到4加成的羧基化衍生物。通过液相沉淀法制备C₆₀/g-C₃N₄和C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄复合材料，采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射等分析手段表征复合材料的性质，并使用合成的复合材料在可见光下对罗丹明B进行光催化降解实验，实验表明C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄复合材料具有最高的光催化活性，其光催化降解罗丹明的速率为C₆₀/g-C₃N₄复合材料的1.3倍，是g-C₃N₄复合材料的1.6倍。此外还对g-C₃N₄、C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄、C₆₀/g-C₃N₄复合材料做了回收实验。实验结果表明C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄复合材料仍可以降解49.4%的罗丹明B，是g-C₃N₄复合材料的1.2倍，是C₆₀/g-C₃N₄复合材料的1.7倍。上述实验结果表明，羧基化的富勒烯是比富勒烯更高效的增强光催化活性物质，由此制备的半导体复合材料是一种有应用前途和非常有效的光催化剂，能够有效地降解有机污染物。

PREPARATION OF CARBOXY-FULLERENE ENHANCED g-C3N4 MATERIAL AND PHOTODEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B

Fullerenes possess an appropriate bandgap, allowing for rapid photo-induced charge separation and relatively slow charge recombination, making it an excellent material for enhancing semiconductor photocatalytic activity. In this study, carboxyl-functionalized derivatives of fullerene, C₆₀-(COOH), were synthesized on the surface of fullerene through the Prato reaction. The synthesized product was characterized using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry, confirming the formation of 1 to 4 addition carboxylation derivatives.C₆₀/g-C₃N₄ and C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄composite materials were prepared using a liquid-phase precipitation method. The properties of the composite materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The synthesized composite materials were tested for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light. The results showed that the C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄ composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with a degradation rate 1.3 times higher than that of C₆₀/g-C₃N₄ and 1.6 times higher than that of g-C₃N₄. Additionally, recycling experiments were conducted on g-C₃N₄, C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄, and C₆₀/g-C₃N₄ composite materials. The experimental results showed that the C₆₀-(COOH)/g-C₃N₄ composite material still achieved 49.4% degradation of Rhodamine B, which was 1.2 times higher than that of g-C₃N₄ and 1.7 times higher than that of C₆₀/g-C₃N₄.The above experimental results demonstrate that carboxyl-functionalized fullerene is a more efficient enhancer of photocatalytic activity compared to pristine fullerene. The semiconductor composite material prepared with it shows promise as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants.