多环芳烃的毒理学特征与生物标记物研究

多环芳烃主要来自于碳氢化合物不充分燃烧,在大气、水体和土壤中广泛地存在,由于多环芳烃具有疏水性、致癌性、致畸性、致突变性和生物难降解性,因此多环芳烃被看作是持久性有机污染物的主要代表。目前,多环芳烃的毒理学研究是环境科学领域的热点问题之一,研究主要集中在多环芳烃及其在环境中的降解和转化产物在体内的吸收、分布、排泄和代谢转化,以及阐明多环芳烃对人体毒作用的发生、发展和消除的各种条件和机理。生物标记物是有机污染物风险评价的核心内容,可以探索多环芳烃对人体健康损害的早期观察指标,即用最灵敏的探测手段,找出环境污染物作用于机体后最初出现的生物学变化,以便及早发现并设法排除。本文阐述了环境中多环芳烃的来源、性质和分布,评述了多环芳烃的毒理学研究进展,并对今后多环芳烃的毒理学的发展方向进行了论述。

Toxicological Characteristics and Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarcons(PAHs),which mainly come from the incomplete combustion processes of hydrocarbons,are widespread environmental pollutants in atmosphere,water and soils.Because PAHs are hydrophobic,carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and disbiodegradable,they are regarded as the major representation of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).At present,studies on the toxicology of PAHs have become one of the hotspots in environmental science.Studies on the toxicology of PAHs focus on the absorption,distribution,excretion and metabolic transformation of PAHs and their degradation and transformation in vivo.The toxicology of PAHs elucidates various conditions and mechanisms of the emergence,development and abatement of toxication to human.Biomarkers are essential content in the assessment of organic pollutants,and they can explore the monitoring index from PAHs impair to human health.In order to detect environmental pollutants early and to take measures to eliminate it,biomarkers detect original biological alteration after it act on body by the most sensitive detecting means.In this paper,the source,the property and the distribution of PAHs is presented,and the advances in researching on the toxicology of PAHs are reviewed.Prospects for research on the toxicology of PAHs are also discussed.